Afghan Persian is more commonly called Dari — Afghanistan's second official language and the lingua franca of Afghan business, education, and media. Around 15 million people speak it as a first language. Translation work for Afghan Persian in the United States has surged since the 2021 Afghan withdrawal, dominated by USCIS asylum and special-immigrant-visa paperwork, civil documents (tazkira identity cards, marriage records), and the medical and education intake forms tied to recent refugee resettlement. Afghan Persian uses Perso-Arabic script — the same alphabet as Iranian Farsi but with distinctive Afghan vocabulary.